Network Working Group B. Clouston, Ed. Request for Comments: 2584 Cisco Systems Category: Standards Track B. Moore, Ed. IBM Corporation May 1999
Definitions of Managed Objects for APPN/HPR in IP Networks
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in the Internet community. In particular, it defines objects for monitoring and controlling HPR (High Performance Routing) network devices which have the capability to communicate in IP (Internet Protocol) networks. This memo identifies managed objects for the HPR in IP network communications.
This document is a product of the SNA NAU Services MIB Working Group. It defines a MIB module for managing devices with HPR in IP networks capabilities.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [17].
The SNMP Management Framework presently consists of five major components:
o An overall architecture, described in RFC 2271 [1].
o Mechanisms for describing and naming objects and events for the purpose of management. The first version of this Structure of Management Information (SMI) is called SMIv1 and described in STD 16, RFC 1155 [2], STD 16, RFC 1212 [3] and RFC 1215 [4]. The second version, called SMIv2, is described in STD 58, RFC 2478 [5], RFC 2579 [6] and RFC 2580 [7].
o Message protocols for transferring management information. The first version of the SNMP message protocol is called SNMPv1 and described in STD 15, RFC 1157 [8]. A second version of the SNMP message protocol, which is not an Internet standards track protocol, is called SNMPv2c and described in RFC 1901 [9] and RFC 1906 [10]. The third version of the message protocol is called SNMPv3 and described in RFC 1906 [10], RFC 2272 [11] and RFC 2274 [12].
o Protocol operations for accessing management information. The first set of protocol operations and associated PDU formats is described in STD 15, RFC 1157 [8]. A second set of protocol operations and associated PDU formats is described in RFC 1905 [13].
o A set of fundamental applications described in RFC 2273 [14] and the view-based access control mechanism described in RFC 2275 [15].
Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed the Management Information Base or MIB. Objects in the MIB are defined using the mechanisms defined in the SMI.
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This memo specifies a MIB module that is compliant to the SMIv2. A MIB conforming to the SMIv1 can be produced through the appropriate translations. The resulting translated MIB must be semantically equivalent, except where objects or events are omitted because no translation is possible (use of Counter64). Some machine readable information in SMIv2 will be converted into textual descriptions in SMIv1 during the translation process. However, this loss of machine readable information is not considered to change the semantics of the MIB.
This document identifies a set of objects for monitoring the configuration and active characteristics of devices with HPR in IP network capabilities. HPR is an enhancement to the Advanced Peer- to-Peer Network (APPN) architecture that provides fast data routing and improved session reliability. APPN is the aspect of Systems Network Architecture (SNA) that supports peer-to-peer networking. APPN/HPR in IP Networks is a further enhancement to the APPN/HPR architecture, described in RFC 2353 [18]. It provides a method with which APPN/HPR nodes can communicate in IP networks.
APPN management information is defined by the APPN MIB [19]. HPR management information is defined by the HPR MIB, RFC 2238 [20].
Highlights of the management functions supported by the APPN/HPR in IP Networks MIB module include the following:
o A count of UDP packets sent with each type of APPN traffic on HPR/IP links.
o Monitoring and setting configuration parameters for the mappings between APPN traffic types on Type of Service (TOS) Precedence settings in the IP header. Note that the TOS Precedence settings have been redefined in RFC 2474 [21] as the first three bits of the differentiated services code point (DSCP).
This MIB module does not support:
o Configuration of IP addresses used for APPN ports or link stations.
Ports and link stations are the APPN device's interface to the data link control (DLC), which provides the physical transport, or to another protocol, such as IP. The APPN MIB identifies ports and link stations using IP as the transport with the following objects:
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o appnPortDlcType
o appnLsDlcType
o appnLsStatusDlcType
These objects all have the syntax IANAifType, and the value 126, defined as "IP (for APPN HPR in IP networks)" shall be returned when they identify an HPR/IP port or link station.
The IP address used for the port or link station is returned in the following objects:
o appnPortDlcLocalAddr
o appnLsLocalAddr
o appnLsRemoteAddr
o appnLsStatusLocalAddr
o appnLsStatusRemoteAddr
These objects have the syntax DisplayableDlcAddress, defined in the APPN MIB as a textual convention to represent the address as an octet string of ASCII characters.
The following two objects return object identifiers that tie port and link table entries in the APPN MIB to lower-layer MIB entries:
o appnPortSpecific
o appnLsSpecific
Both objects should return a RowPointer to the ifEntry in the agent's ifTable for the physical interface associated with the local IP address for the port. If the agent implements the IP-MIB (RFC 2011), this association between the IP address and the physical interface will be represented in the ipNetToMediaTable.
The hprIpMonitoringGroup group consists of the hprIpActiveLsTable. This table is indexed by the link station name and traffic type, and contains a counter for the number of UDP packets sent on a link station for that traffic type.
The hprIpMonitoringGroup group consists of the following objects and tables:
1) hprIpAppnPortTable
This table supports reading and setting the default mapping between APPN traffic types and TOS Precedence settings for all link stations using a port. This mapping may be overridden for individual link stations or individual connection networks.
2) hprIpLsTable
This table supports reading and setting the mappings between APPN traffic types and TOS Precedence settings for an individual link station and APPN traffic type. If there is no entry in this table for a given link station and traffic type, then that link station inherits its mapping from its port.
3) hprIpCnTable
This table supports reading and setting the mapping between APPN traffic types and TOS Precedence settings for an individual connection network and traffic type. If there is no entry in this table for a given connection network and traffic type, then that connection network inherits its mapping from its port.
IMPORTS MODULE-IDENTITY,OBJECT-TYPE, Counter32 FROM SNMPv2-SMI DisplayString, RowStatus, TEXTUAL-CONVENTION FROM SNMPv2-TC MODULE-COMPLIANCE, OBJECT-GROUP FROM SNMPv2-CONF SnaControlPointName FROM APPN-MIB hprObjects, hprCompliances, hprGroups FROM HPR-MIB ;
hprIp MODULE-IDENTITY LAST-UPDATED "9809240000Z" -- September 24, 1998 ORGANIZATION "IETF SNA NAU MIB WG / AIW APPN MIBs SIG" CONTACT-INFO " Bob Clouston Cisco Systems 7025 Kit Creek Road P.O. Box 14987 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Tel: 1 919 472 2333 E-mail: clouston@cisco.com
Bob Moore IBM Corporation 4205 S. Miami Boulevard BRQA/501 P.O. Box 12195 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Tel: 1 919 254 4436 E-mail: remoore@us.ibm.com " DESCRIPTION "The MIB module for HPR over IP. This module contains two groups:
- the HPR over IP Monitoring Group provides a count of the UDP packets sent by a link station for each APPN traffic type.
- the HPR over IP Configuration Group provides for reading and setting the mappings between APPN traffic types and TOS Precedence settings in the IP header. These mappings are
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configured at the APPN port level, and are inherited by the APPN connection networks and link stations associated with an APPN port. A port-level mapping can, however, be overridden for a particular connection network or link station." REVISION "9809240000Z" -- September 24, 1998 DESCRIPTION "Initial version, Published as RFC 2584"
::= { hprObjects 5 }
-- ********************************************************************* -- Textual Conventions -- ********************************************************************* AppnTrafficType ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS current DESCRIPTION "APPN traffic type. The first four values correspond to APPN transmission priorities (network, high, medium and low), while the fifth is used for both LLC commands (XID, TEST, DISC, and DM) and function-routed NLPs (XID_DONE_RQ and XID_DONE_RSP)."
SYNTAX INTEGER { low (1), medium (2), high (3), network (4), llcAndFnRoutedNlp (5) }
AppnTOSPrecedence ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A DisplayString representing the setting of the three TOS Precedence bits in the IP Type of Service field for this APPN traffic type. The HPR over IP architecture specifies the following default mapping:
APPN traffic type IP TOS Precedence bits ------------------ ---------------------- Network 110 High 100 Medium 010 Low 001 LLC commands, etc. 110 "
-- ******************************************************************* -- HPR over IP Monitoring Group -- -- This group contains a single table, the hprIsActiveLsTable, -- providing a count of UDP packets sent with each type of -- APPN traffic on each active link supporting HPR over IP. -- ******************************************************************* hprIpActiveLsTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF HprIpActiveLsEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The HPR/IP active link station table. This table provides counts of the number of UDP packets sent for each APPN traffic type."
::= { hprIp 1 }
hprIpActiveLsEntry OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX HprIpActiveLsEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Entry of the HPR/IP link station table."
INDEX { hprIpActiveLsLsName, hprIpActiveLsAppnTrafficType }
hprIpActiveLsLsName OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX DisplayString (SIZE (1..10)) MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Administratively assigned name for the link station. If this object has the same value as the appnLsName in the APPN MIB, then the two objects are referring to the same APPN link station."
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::= { hprIpActiveLsEntry 1 }
hprIpActiveLsAppnTrafficType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX AppnTrafficType MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "APPN traffic type being sent through the link station."
::= { hprIpActiveLsEntry 2 }
hprIpActiveLsUdpPackets OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The count of outgoing UDP packets carrying this type of APPN traffic. A discontinuity in the counter is indicated by the appnLsCounterDisconTime object in the APPN MIB."
::= { hprIpActiveLsEntry 3 }
-- ******************************************************************* -- HPR over IP Configuration Group -- -- This group contains three tables for reading and setting the -- mapping between APPN traffic types and values for the TOS -- Precedence bits in the IP header. hprIpAppnPortTOSPrecedence -- represents the APPN port-level mapping. This mapping can be -- overridden for an individual link station or an individual -- connection network via, respectively, the hprIpLsTOSPrecedence -- and the hprIpCnTOSPrecedence objects. -- *******************************************************************
hprIpAppnPortTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF HprIpAppnPortEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The HPR/IP APPN port table. This table supports reading and setting the mapping between APPN traffic types and TOS Precedence settings for all the link stations at this APPN port. This mapping can be overridden for an individual link station or an individual connection network via, respectively, the hprIpLsTOSPrecedence and the hprIpCnTOSPrecedence objects."
::= { hprIp 2 }
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hprIpAppnPortEntry OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX HprIpAppnPortEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Entry of the HPR/IP APPN port table. Entries exist for every APPN port defined to support HPR over IP."
INDEX { hprIpAppnPortName, hprIpAppnPortAppnTrafficType }
hprIpAppnPortName OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX DisplayString (SIZE (1..10)) MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Administratively assigned name for this APPN port. If this object has the same value as the appnPortName in the APPN MIB, then the two objects are referring to the same APPN port."
::= { hprIpAppnPortEntry 1 }
hprIpAppnPortAppnTrafficType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX AppnTrafficType MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "APPN traffic type sent through the port."
::= { hprIpAppnPortEntry 2 }
hprIpAppnPortTOSPrecedence OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX AppnTOSPrecedence MAX-ACCESS read-write STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A setting for the three TOS Precedence bits in the IP Type of Service field for this APPN traffic type.
When this value is changed via a Set operation, the new setting for the TOS Precedence bits takes effect immediately, rather
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than waiting for some event such as reinitialization of the port or of the APPN node itself."
::= { hprIpAppnPortEntry 3 }
-- ******************************************************************* hprIpLsTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF HprIpLsEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The HPR/IP link station table. Values for TOS Precedence at the link station level override those at the level of the containing port. If there is no entry in this table for a given link station, then that link station inherits its TOS Precedence values from its port."
::= { hprIp 3 }
hprIpLsEntry OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX HprIpLsEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Entry of the HPR/IP link station table."
hprIpLsLsName OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX DisplayString (SIZE (1..10)) MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Administratively assigned name for the link station. If this object has the same value as the appnLsName in the APPN MIB, then the two objects are referring to the same APPN link station."
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::= { hprIpLsEntry 1 }
hprIpLsAppnTrafficType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX AppnTrafficType MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "APPN traffic type sent through the link station."
::= { hprIpLsEntry 2 }
hprIpLsTOSPrecedence OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX AppnTOSPrecedence MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A setting for the three TOS Precedence bits in the IP Type of Service field for this APPN traffic type.
When this value is changed via a Set operation, the new setting for the TOS Precedence bits takes effect immediately, rather than waiting for some event such as reinitialization of the port or of the APPN node itself."
::= { hprIpLsEntry 3 }
hprIpLsRowStatus OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX RowStatus MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "This object allows entries to be created and deleted in the hprIpLsTable. As soon as an entry becomes active, the mapping between APPN traffic types and TOS Precedence settings that it specifies becomes effective.
The value of the other accessible object in this entry, hprIpLsTOSPrecedence, can be changed via a Set operation when this object's value is active(1).
An entry in this table is deleted by setting this object to destroy(6). Deleting an entry in this table causes the link station to revert to the default TOS Precedence mapping for its port."
::= { hprIpLsEntry 4 }
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-- ******************************************************************* hprIpCnTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF HprIpCnEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The HPR/IP connection network table. Values for TOS Precedence at the connection network level override those at the level of the containing port. If there is no entry in this table for a given connection network, then that connection network inherits its TOS Precedence values from its port.
A node may have connections to a given connection network through multiple ports. There is no provision in the HPR-IP architecture for variations in TOS Precedence values for a single connection network based on the port through which traffic is flowing to the connection network. Thus an entry in this table overrides the port-level settings for all the ports through which the node can reach the connection network."
::= { hprIp 4 }
hprIpCnEntry OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX HprIpCnEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Entry of the HPR/IP connection network table."
hprIpCnVrnName OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SnaControlPointName MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "SNA control point name of the virtual routing node (VRN) that
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identifies the connection network in the APPN topology database. If this object has the same value as the appnVrnName in the APPN MIB, then the two objects are referring to the same APPN VRN."
::= { hprIpCnEntry 1 }
hprIpCnAppnTrafficType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX AppnTrafficType MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "APPN traffic type sent to this connection network."
::= { hprIpCnEntry 2 }
hprIpCnTOSPrecedence OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX AppnTOSPrecedence MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A setting for the three TOS Precedence bits in the IP Type of Service field for this APPN traffic type. This setting applies to all traffic sent to this connection network by this node, regardless of the port through which the traffic is sent.
When this value is changed via a Set operation, the new setting for the TOS Precedence bits takes effect immediately, rather than waiting for some event such as reinitialization of a port or of the APPN node itself." ::= { hprIpCnEntry 3 }
hprIpCnRowStatus OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX RowStatus MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "This object allows entries to be created and deleted in the hprIpCnTable. As soon as an entry becomes active, the mapping between APPN traffic types and TOS Precedence settings that it specifies becomes effective.
The value of the other accessible object in this entry, hprIpCnTOSPrecedence, can be changed via a Set operation when this object's value is active(1).
An entry in this table is deleted by setting this object to destroy(6). Deleting an entry in this table causes the
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connection network to revert to the default TOS Precedence mapping for each port through which it is accessed."
-- Compliance statements hprIpCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Compliance statement for the HPR over IP MIB module." MODULE -- this module
-- Conditionally mandatory groups GROUP hprIpMonitoringGroup DESCRIPTION "The hprIpMonitoringGroup is mandatory for APPN implementations supporting HPR over IP."
GROUP hprIpConfigurationGroup DESCRIPTION "The hprIpConfigurationGroup is mandatory for APPN implementations supporting HPR over IP. It may, however, be implemented as a collection of read-only objects."
OBJECT hprIpAppnPortTOSPrecedence MIN-ACCESS read-only DESCRIPTION "Write access is not required."
OBJECT hprIpLsTOSPrecedence MIN-ACCESS read-only DESCRIPTION "Write access is not required."
OBJECT hprIpLsRowStatus MIN-ACCESS read-only DESCRIPTION "Write access is not required."
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OBJECT hprIpCnTOSPrecedence MIN-ACCESS read-only DESCRIPTION "Write access is not required."
OBJECT hprIpCnRowStatus MIN-ACCESS read-only DESCRIPTION "Write access is not required."
::= { hprCompliances 2 }
-- Group definitions
hprIpMonitoringGroup OBJECT-GROUP OBJECTS { hprIpActiveLsUdpPackets } STATUS current DESCRIPTION "An object for counting outgoing HPR/IP traffic for each APPN traffic type."
::= { hprGroups 5 }
hprIpConfigurationGroup OBJECT-GROUP OBJECTS { hprIpAppnPortTOSPrecedence, hprIpLsTOSPrecedence, hprIpLsRowStatus, hprIpCnTOSPrecedence, hprIpCnRowStatus } STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A collection of HPR/IP objects representing the mappings between APPN traffic types and TOS Precedence bits at the APPN port, APPN link station, and APPN connection network levels."
Certain management information defined in this MIB may be considered sensitive in some network environments. Therefore, authentication of received SNMP requests and controlled access to management information SHOULD be employed in such environments. An authentication protocol is defined in [12]. A protocol for access control is defined in [15]. It is a customer responsibility to properly set up access control for MIB access.
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None of the read-only objects in this MIB reports a password, user data, or anything else that is particularly sensitive. Some enterprises view their network configuration itself, as well as information about network usage and performance, as corporate assets; such enterprises may wish to restrict SNMP access to most of the objects in the MIB.
The one read-write and four read-create objects in the MIB can affect network operations; it is recommended that SNMP access to these objects be restricted. The five objects are:
o hprIpPortTOSPrecedence: Setting this object immediately changes the mapping for all link stations using this port which do not have an entry to override the port value. Improper mappings may cause delays or disruptions in the network. For example, if APPN traffic type 'High' is mapped to IP TOS Precedence bits ' 001', network control traffic will have the same TOS precedence as bulk data traffic. This may cause delays with session initializations, and timeouts on control sessions that could cause network outages.
o hprIpLsTOSPrecedence: Setting this object has the potential for delay or disruption for this link station as described above with hprIpPortTOSPrecedence.
o hprIpLsRowStatus: Setting this object to delete(6) causes this link station to revert to the default TOS Precedence mapping for its port. The customized mapping for this link station will no longer be in effect.
o hprIpCnTOSPrecedence: Setting this object has the potential for delay or disruption for this links created for this connection network as described above with hprIpPortTOSPrecedence.
o hprIpCnRowStatus: Setting this object to delete(6) causes links created for this connection network to revert to the default TOS Precedence mapping for its port. The customized mapping for this connection network will no longer be in effect.
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and
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standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11 [16]. Copies of claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.
The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive Director.
This MIB module is the product of the IETF SNA NAU MIB WG and the AIW APPN/HPR MIBs SIG. The editors would like to thank Katie Lee, IBM Corporation, for her work in creating the original version of this MIB.
[1] Harrington, D., Presuhn, R. and B. Wijnen, "An Architecture for Describing SNMP Management Frameworks", RFC 2271, January 1998
[2] Rose, M. and K. McCloghrie, "Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets", STD 16, RFC 1155, May 1990.
[3] Rose, M. and K. McCloghrie, "Concise MIB Definitions", STD 16, RFC 1212, March 1991.
[4] Rose, M., "A Convention for Defining Traps for use with the SNMP", RFC 1215, March 1991.
[5] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D. and J. Schoenwaelder, "Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58, RFC 2578, April 1999.
[6] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D. and J. Schoenwaelder, "Textual Conventions for SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2579, April 1999.
[7] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D. and J. Schoenwaelder, "Conformance Statements for SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2580, April 1999.
[8] Case, J., Fedor, M., Schoffstall, M. and J. Davin, "Simple Network Management Protocol", STD 15, RFC 1157, May 1990.
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[9] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2", RFC 1901, January 1996.
[10] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1906, January 1996.
[11] Case, J., Harrington D., Presuhn R. and B. Wijnen, "Message Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)", RFC 2272, January 1998.
[12] Blumenthal, U. and B. Wijnen, "User-based Security Model (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3)", RFC 2274, January 1998.
[13] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Protocol Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1905, January 1996.
[14] Levi, D., Meyer, P. and B. Stewart, "SNMPv3 Applications", RFC 2273, January 1998.
[15] Wijnen, B., Presuhn, R. and K. McCloghrie, "View-based Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)", RFC 2275, January 1998.
[16] Hovey, R. and S. Bradner, "The Organizations Involved in the IETF Standards Process", BCP 11, RFC 2028, October 1996.
[17] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[18] Dudley, G, "APPN/HPR in IP Networks", RFC 2353, May 1998.
[19] Clouston, B. and B. Moore, "Definition of Managed Objects for APPN", RFC 2455, November 1998.
[20] Clouston, B. and B. Moore, "Definitions of Managed Objects for HPR", RFC 2238, May 1997.
[21] Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F. and D. Black, "Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers", RFC 2474, December 1998.
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