Network Working Group K. Zeilenga, Ed. Request for Comments: 4524 OpenLDAP Foundation Obsoletes: 1274 June 2006 Updates: 2247, 2798 Category: Standards Track
COSINE LDAP/X.500 Schema
Status of This Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
Abstract
This document provides a collection of schema elements for use with the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) from the COSINE and Internet X.500 pilot projects.
This document obsoletes RFC 1274 and updates RFCs 2247 and 2798.
In the late 1980s, X.500 Directory Services were standardized by the CCITT (Commite' Consultatif International de Telegraphique et Telephonique), now a part of the ITU (International Telephone Union). This lead to Directory Service piloting activities in the early 1990s, including the COSINE (Co-operation and Open Systems Interconnection in Europe) PARADISE Project pilot [COSINEpilot] in Europe. Motivated by needs for large-scale directory pilots, RFC 1274 was published to standardize the directory schema and naming architecture for use in the COSINE and other Internet X.500 pilots [RFC1274].
In the years that followed, X.500 Directory Services have evolved to incorporate new capabilities and even new protocols. In particular, the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) [RFC4510] was introduced in the early 1990s [RFC1487], with Version 3 of LDAP introduced in the late 1990s [RFC2251] and subsequently revised in 2005 [RFC4510].
While much of the material in RFC 1274 has been superceded by subsequently published ITU-T Recommendations and IETF RFCs, many of the schema elements lack standardized schema descriptions for use in modern X.500 and LDAP directory services despite the fact that these schema elements are in wide use today. As the old schema descriptions cannot be used without adaptation, interoperability issues may arise due to lack of standardized modern schema descriptions.
This document addresses these issues by offering standardized schema descriptions, where needed, for widely used COSINE schema elements.
This document, together with [RFC4519] and [RFC4517], obsoletes RFC 1274 in its entirety. [RFC4519] replaces Sections 9.3.1 (Userid) and 9.3.21 (Domain Component) of RFC 1274. [RFC4517] replaces Section 9.4 (Generally useful syntaxes) of RFC 1274.
This document replaces the remainder of RFC 1274. Appendix A discusses changes since RFC 1274, as well as why certain schema elements were not brought forward in this revision of the COSINE schema. All elements not brought are to be regarded as Historic.
The description of the 'domain' object class provided in this document supercedes that found in RFC 2247. That is, Section 3.4 of this document replaces Section 5.2 of [RFC2247].
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RFC 4524 COSINE LDAP/X.500 Schema June 2006
Some of the schema elements specified here were described in RFC 2798 (inetOrgPerson schema). This document supersedes these descriptions. This document, together with [RFC4519], replaces Section 9.1.3 of RFC 2798.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119].
DIT stands for Directory Information Tree. DN stands for Distinguished Name. DSA stands for Directory System Agent, a server. DSE stands for DSA-Specific Entry. DUA stands for Directory User Agent, a client.
The 'associatedDomain' attribute specifies DNS [RFC1034][RFC2181] host names [RFC1123] that are associated with an object. That is, values of this attribute should conform to the following ABNF:
The IA5String (1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.26) syntax and the 'caseIgnoreIA5Match' and 'caseIgnoreIA5SubstringsMatch' rules are described in [RFC4517].
Note that the directory will not ensure that values of this attribute conform to the <domain> production provided above. It is the application's responsibility to ensure that domains it stores in this attribute are appropriately represented.
Also note that applications supporting Internationalized Domain Names SHALL use the ToASCII method [RFC3490] to produce <label> components of the <domain> production.
The 'co' (Friendly Country Name) attribute specifies names of countries in human-readable format, for example, "Germany" and "Federal Republic of Germany". It is commonly used in conjunction with the 'c' (Country Name) [RFC4519] attribute (whose values are restricted to the two-letter codes defined in [ISO3166]).
The 'documentIdentifier' attribute specifies unique identifiers for a document. A document may be identified by more than one unique identifier. For example, RFC 3383 and BCP 64 are unique identifiers that (presently) refer to the same document.
The 'documentPublisher' attribute is the persons and/or organizations that published the document. Documents that are jointly published have one value for each publisher.
The 'documentTitle' attribute specifies the titles of a document. Multiple values are allowed to accommodate both long and short titles, or other situations where a document has multiple titles, for example, "The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Technical Specification" and "The LDAP Technical Specification".
The telephoneNumber (1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.50) syntax and the 'telephoneNumberMatch' and 'telephoneNumberSubstringsMatch' rules are described in [RFC4517].
The 'homePostalAddress' attribute specifies home postal addresses for an object. Each value should be limited to up to 6 directory strings of 30 characters each. (Note: It is not intended that the directory service enforce these limits.)
The PostalAddress (1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.41) syntax and the 'caseIgnoreListMatch' and 'caseIgnoreListSubstringsMatch' rules are described in [RFC4517].
The 'info' attribute specifies any general information pertinent to an object. This information is not necessarily descriptive of the object.
Applications should not attach specific semantics to values of this attribute. The 'description' attribute [RFC4519] is available for specifying descriptive information pertinent to an object.
The IA5String (1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.26) syntax and the 'caseIgnoreIA5Match' and 'caseIgnoreIA5SubstringsMatch' rules are described in [RFC4517].
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RFC 4524 COSINE LDAP/X.500 Schema June 2006
Note that the directory will not ensure that values of this attribute conform to the <Mailbox> production [RFC2821]. It is the application's responsibility to ensure that domains it stores in this attribute are appropriately represented.
Additionally, the directory will compare values per the matching rules named in the above attribute type description. As these rules differ from rules that normally apply to <Mailbox> comparisons, operational issues may arise. For example, the assertion (mail=joe@example.com) will match "JOE@example.com" even though the <local-parts> differ. Also, where a user has two <Mailbox>es whose addresses differ only by case of the <local-part>, both cannot be listed as values of the user's mail attribute (as they are considered equal by the 'caseIgnoreIA5Match' rule).
Also note that applications supporting internationalized domain names SHALL use the ToASCII method [RFC3490] to produce <sub-domain> components of the <Mailbox> production.
The telephoneNumber (1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.50) syntax and the 'telephoneNumberMatch' and 'telephoneNumberSubstringsMatch' rules are described in [RFC4517].
The 'organizationalStatus' attribute specifies categories by which a person is often referred to in an organization. Examples of usage in academia might include "undergraduate student", "researcher", "professor", and "staff". Multiple values are allowed where the person is in multiple categories.
Directory administrators and application designers SHOULD consider carefully the distinctions between this and the 'title' and 'userClass' attributes.
The telephoneNumber (1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.50) syntax and the 'telephoneNumberMatch' and 'telephoneNumberSubstringsMatch' rules are described in [RFC4517].
The 'roomNumber' attribute specifies the room number of an object. During periods of renumbering, or in other circumstances where a room has multiple valid room numbers associated with it, multiple values may be provided. Note that the 'cn' (commonName) attribute type SHOULD be used for naming room objects.
The 'uniqueIdentifier' attribute specifies a unique identifier for an object represented in the Directory. The domain within which the identifier is unique and the exact semantics of the identifier are for local definition. For a person, this might be an institution- wide payroll number. For an organizational unit, it might be a department code.
The DirectoryString (1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15) syntax and the 'caseIgnoreMatch' and 'caseIgnoreSubstringsMatch' rules are described in [RFC4517].
Note: X.520 also describes an attribute called 'uniqueIdentifier' (2.5.4.45), which is called 'x500UniqueIdentifier' in LDAP [RFC4519]. The attribute detailed here ought not be confused with 'x500UniqueIdentifier'.
The 'userClass' attribute specifies categories of computer or application user. The semantics placed on this attribute are for local interpretation. Examples of current usage of this attribute in academia are "student", "staff", and "faculty". Note that the 'organizationalStatus' attribute type is now often preferred, as it makes no distinction between persons as opposed to users.
The 'account' object class is used to define entries representing computer accounts. The 'uid' attribute SHOULD be used for naming entries of this object class.
( 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.5 NAME 'account' SUP top STRUCTURAL MUST uid MAY ( description $ seeAlso $ l $ o $ ou $ host ) )
The 'top' object class is described in [RFC4512]. The 'description', 'seeAlso', 'l', 'o', 'ou', and 'uid' attribute types are described in [RFC4519]. The 'host' attribute type is described in Section 2 of this document.
The 'document' object class is used to define entries that represent documents.
( 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.6 NAME 'document' SUP top STRUCTURAL MUST documentIdentifier MAY ( cn $ description $ seeAlso $ l $ o $ ou $ documentTitle $ documentVersion $ documentAuthor $ documentLocation $ documentPublisher ) )
The 'top' object class is described in [RFC4512]. The 'cn', 'description', 'seeAlso', 'l', 'o', and 'ou' attribute types are described in [RFC4519]. The 'documentIdentifier', 'documentTitle', 'documentVersion', 'documentAuthor', 'documentLocation', and 'documentPublisher' attribute types are described in Section 2 of this document.
Example:
dn: documentIdentifier=RFC 4524,cn=RFC,dc=Example,dc=COM objectClass: document documentIdentifier: RFC 4524 documentTitle: COSINE LDAP/X.500 Schema documentAuthor: cn=Kurt D. Zeilenga,cn=Persons,dc=Example,dc=COM documentLocation: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4524.txt documentPublisher: Internet Engineering Task Force description: A collection of schema elements for use in LDAP description: Obsoletes RFC 1274 seeAlso: documentIdentifier=RFC 4510,cn=RFC,dc=Example,dc=COM seeAlso: documentIdentifier=RFC 1274,cn=RFC,dc=Example,dc=COM
3.3. documentSeries
The 'documentSeries' object class is used to define an entry that represents a series of documents (e.g., The Request For Comments memos).
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( 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.9 NAME 'documentSeries' SUP top STRUCTURAL MUST cn MAY ( description $ l $ o $ ou $ seeAlso $ telephonenumber ) )
The 'top' object class is described in [RFC4512]. The 'description', 'l', 'o', 'ou', 'seeAlso', and 'telephoneNumber' attribute types are described in [RFC4519].
Example:
dn: cn=RFC,dc=Example,dc=COM objectClass: documentSeries cn: Request for Comments cn: RFC description: a series of memos about the Internet
The 'domain' object class is used to define entries that represent DNS domains for objects that are not organizations, organizational units, or other kinds of objects more appropriately defined using an object class specific to the kind of object being defined (e.g., 'organization', 'organizationUnit').
The 'dc' attribute should be used for naming entries of the 'domain' object class.
( 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.13 NAME 'domain' SUP top STRUCTURAL MUST dc MAY ( userPassword $ searchGuide $ seeAlso $ businessCategory $ x121Address $ registeredAddress $ destinationIndicator $ preferredDeliveryMethod $ telexNumber $ teletexTerminalIdentifier $ telephoneNumber $ internationaliSDNNumber $ facsimileTelephoneNumber $ street $ postOfficeBox $ postalCode $ postalAddress $ physicalDeliveryOfficeName $ st $ l $ description $ o $ associatedName ) )
The 'top' object class and the 'dc', 'userPassword', 'searchGuide', 'seeAlso', 'businessCategory', 'x121Address', 'registeredAddress', 'destinationIndicator', 'preferredDeliveryMethod', 'telexNumber', 'teletexTerminalIdentifier', 'telephoneNumber', 'internationaliSDNNumber', 'facsimileTelephoneNumber', 'street', 'postOfficeBox', 'postalCode', 'postalAddress', 'physicalDeliveryOfficeName', 'st', 'l', 'description', and 'o' types
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are described in [RFC4519]. The 'associatedName' attribute type is described in Section 2 of this document.
Example:
dn: dc=com objectClass: domain dc: com description: the .COM TLD
The 'domainRelatedObject' object class is used to define entries that represent DNS domains that are "equivalent" to an X.500 domain, e.g., an organization or organizational unit.
( 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.17 NAME 'domainRelatedObject' SUP top AUXILIARY MUST associatedDomain )
The 'top' object class is described in [RFC4512]. The 'associatedDomain' attribute type is described in Section 2 of this document.
Example:
dn: dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organization objectClass: dcObject objectClass: domainRelatedObject dc: example associatedDomain: example.com o: Example Organization
The 'organization' and 'dcObject' object classes and the 'dc' and 'o' attribute types are described in [RFC4519].
The 'friendlyCountry' object class is used to define entries representing countries in the DIT. The object class is used to allow friendlier naming of countries than that allowed by the object class 'country' [RFC4519].
( 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.18 NAME 'friendlyCountry' SUP country STRUCTURAL MUST co )
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The 'country' object class is described in [RFC4519]. The 'co' attribute type is described in Section 2 of this document.
Example:
dn: c=DE objectClass: country objectClass: friendlyCountry c: DE co: Deutschland co: Germany co: Federal Republic of Germany co: FRG
The 'rFC822LocalPart' object class is used to define entries that represent the local part of Internet mail addresses [RFC2822]. This treats the local part of the address as a 'domain' object.
The 'domain' object class is described in Section 3.4 of this document. The 'cn', 'description', 'destinationIndicator', 'facsimileTelephoneNumber', 'internationaliSDNNumber, 'physicalDeliveryOfficeName', 'postalAddress', 'postalCode', 'postOfficeBox', 'preferredDeliveryMethod', 'registeredAddress', 'seeAlso', 'sn, 'street', 'telephoneNumber', 'teletexTerminalIdentifier', 'telexNumber', and 'x121Address' attribute types are described in [RFC4519].
The 'room' object class is used to define entries representing rooms. The 'cn' (commonName) attribute SHOULD be used for naming entries of this object class.
( 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.7 NAME 'room' SUP top STRUCTURAL MUST cn MAY ( roomNumber $ description $ seeAlso $ telephoneNumber ) )
The 'top' object class is described in [RFC4512]. The 'cn', 'description', 'seeAlso', and 'telephoneNumber' attribute types are described in [RFC4519]. The 'roomNumber' attribute type is described in Section 2 of this document.
The 'simpleSecurityObject' object class is used to require an entry to have a 'userPassword' attribute when the entry's structural object class does not require (or allow) the 'userPassword attribute'.
( 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.19 NAME 'simpleSecurityObject' SUP top AUXILIARY MUST userPassword )
The 'top' object class is described in [RFC4512]. The 'userPassword' attribute type is described in [RFC4519].
dn: dc=kdz,dc=Example,dc=COM objectClass: account objectClass: simpleSecurityObject uid: kdz userPassword: My Password seeAlso: cn=Kurt D. Zeilenga,cn=Persons,dc=Example,dc=COM
General LDAP security considerations [RFC4510] are applicable to the use of this schema. Additional considerations are noted above where appropriate.
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Directories administrators should ensure that access to sensitive information be restricted to authorized entities and that appropriate data security services, including data integrity and data confidentiality, are used to protect against eavesdropping.
Simple authentication (e.g., plain text passwords) mechanisms should only be used when adequate data security services are in place. LDAP offers reasonably strong authentication and data security services [RFC4513].
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has updated the LDAP descriptors registry [RFC4520] as indicated in the following template:
Subject: Request for LDAP Descriptor Registration Update Descriptor (short name): see comment Object Identifier: see comments Person & email address to contact for further information: Kurt Zeilenga <kurt@OpenLDAP.org> Usage: see comments Specification: RFC 4524 Author/Change Controller: IESG Comments:
The following descriptors have been updated to refer to RFC 4524.
NAME Type OID ------------------------ ---- -------------------------- account O 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.5 associatedDomain A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.37 associatedName A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.38 buildingName A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.48 co A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.43 document O 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.6 documentAuthor A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.14 documentIdentifier A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.11 documentLocation A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.15 documentPublisher A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.56 documentSeries O 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.8 documentTitle A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.12 documentVersion A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.13 domain O 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.13 domainRelatedObject O 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.17 drink A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.5 favouriteDrink A* 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.5 friendlyCountry O 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.18
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RFC 4524 COSINE LDAP/X.500 Schema June 2006
friendlyCountryName A* 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.43 homePhone A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.20 homePostalAddress A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.39 homeTelephone A* 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.20 host A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.9 info A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.4 mail A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.3 manager A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.10 mobile A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.41 mobileTelephoneNumber A* 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.41 organizationalStatus A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.45 pager A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.42 pagerTelephoneNumber A* 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.42 personalTitle A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.40 rFC822LocalPart O 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.14 rfc822Mailbox A* 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.3 room O 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.7 roomNumber A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.6 secretary A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.21 simpleSecurityObject O 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.19 singleLevelQuality A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.50 uniqueIdentifier A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.44 userClass A 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.8
where Type A is Attribute, Type O is ObjectClass, and * indicates that the registration is historic in nature.
This document is based on RFC 1274, by Paul Barker and Steve Kille, as well as on RFC 2247, by Steve Kill, Mark Wahl, Al Grimstad, Rick Huber, and Sri Satulari.
A number of COSINE attribute types have short names in LDAP.
X.500 Name LDAP Short Name ------------- --------------- domainComponent dc favoriteDrink drink friendCountryName co homeTelephoneNumber homePhone mobileTelephoneNumber mobile pagerTelephoneNumber pager rfc822Mailbox mail userid uid
While the LDAP short names are generally used in LDAP, some implementations may (for legacy reasons [RFC3494]) recognize the attribute type by its X.500 name. Hence, the X.500 names have been reserved solely for this purpose.
The 'pilotObject' object class was not brought forward as its function is largely replaced by operational attributes introduced in X.500(93) [X.501] and version 3 of LDAP [RFC4512]. For instance, the function of the 'lastModifiedBy' and 'lastModifiedTime' attribute types is now served by the 'creatorsName', 'createTimestamp', 'modifiersName', and 'modifyTimestamp' operational attributes [RFC4512].
The 'pilotPerson' object class was not brought forward as its function is largely replaced by the 'organizationalPerson' [RFC4512] object class and its subclasses, such as 'inetOrgPerson' [RFC2798].
Most of the related attribute types (e.g., 'mail', 'manager') were brought forward as they are used in other object classes.
The 'pilotDSA' and 'qualityLabelledData' object classes, as well as related attribute types, were not brought forward as its use is primarily experimental [QoS].
RFC 1274 defined and used caseIgnoreIA5StringSyntax attribute syntax. This has been replaced with the IA5String syntax and appropriate matching rules in 'mail' and 'associatedDomain'.
RFC 1274 restricted 'mail' to have non-zero length values. This restriction is not reflected in the IA5String syntax used in the definitions provided in this specification. However, as values are to conform to the <Mailbox> production, the 'mail' should not contain zero-length values. Unfortunately, the directory service will not enforce this restriction.
The 'domainNameForm' name form was not brought forward as specification of name forms used in LDAP is left to a future specification.
Editor's Address
Kurt D. Zeilenga OpenLDAP Foundation
EMail: Kurt@OpenLDAP.org
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Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
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